ABSTRACT
A strong and healthy microbiome is responsible for homeostasis between the host and microbiota which is necessary to achieve the normal functioning of the body. Dysbiosis provokes prevalence of pathogenic microbes, leading to alterations in gene expression profiles and metabolic processes. This in turn results in anomalous immune responses of the host. Dysbiosis may be associated with a wide variety of diseases like irritable bowel syndrome, coeliac disease, allergic conditions, bronchitis, asthma, heart diseases and oncogenesis. Presently, the links between oral microbial consortia and their functions, not only in the preservation of homeostasis but also pathogenesis of several malignancies have gained much awareness from the scientific community. The primary intent of this review is to highlight the dynamic role of oral microbiome in oncogenesis and its progression through various mechanisms. A literature search was conducted using multiple databases comprising of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane electronic databases with keywords including microbiome, microbiota, carcinogenesis, tumorigenesis, and immunosuppression. Current and the past literature has pointed out the role of microorganisms in oncogenesis. It may be put forth that both the commensal and pathogenic strains of oral microbiome play an undeniably conspicuous role in carcinogenesis at different body sites.
ABSTRACT
Neurofibromatosis type I is one of the most common autosomal dominant inherited disorders associated with deletion, insertion, or mutation in the NF-1 gene. Neurofibromas are the hallmark of the neurofibromatosis type I and usually appear during childhood or adolescence after the emergence of "caf au lait" spots. Despite their occurrence in the head and neck region, neural sheath tumors are rarely seen in the oral cavity. Lobular capillary hemangioma is a histologic variant of pyogenic granuloma which is a common benign vascular lesion of the skin and mucosa. It is neither infective / purulent nor granulomatous as the name might suggest - rather a reactive enlargement that is an inflammatory response to local irritation. In the present study, we report a rare case of concomitant occurrence of neurofibromatosis type I and lobular capillary hemangioma in a fifteen-year-old Indian female who presented with a gingival overgrowth in her maxillary anterior region. The lesion was excised and histopathological report confirmed the diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case in English literature where there was a parallel occurrence of neurofibromatosis type I and lobular capillary hemangioma in the oral cavity